the Sounds of the Suicide of Dido

Onomatopoeia (using words to replicate sound) is one of the first literary devices that people learn about. English basics include pop, fizz, bang, and moo. Latin, like all languages, has plenty of onomatopoeia.

However, some words become onomatopoeic only in context. My favorite instance of this is the death of Dido in the Aeneid Book IV, line 660.

Lines 659–665 in lingua Latina, from the Latin Library:

... 'moriemur inultae,
sed moriamur' ait. 'sic, sic iuvat ire sub umbras.
hauriat hunc oculis ignem crudelis ab alto
Dardanus, et nostrae secum ferat omina mortis.'
dixerat, atque illam media inter talia ferro
conlapsam aspiciunt comites, ensemque cruore
spumantem sparsasque manus."

In English, translated by James Robinson (translation found here):

“Let me die unavenged, but let me die. Thus, thus it helps to go beneath the shadows. Let the Trojan drink in this fire with his cruel eyes from the deep, and let him bear with him omens of our death.” She had spoken. And in the middle of such things, her comrades catch sight of her, collapsed on the sword, and the sword foaming with blood, and her spattered hands.

Dido has just laid down with the sword before she begins her speech. She gives her speech. Then she is lying dead. There's a gap: when did she impale herself on the sword? Virgil doesn't say directly.

Instead, he uses onomatopoeia. "Sic, sic." Stab, stab. In the middle of the line, just like the sword is stabbing through the middle of her heart.

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